Analytical techniques

Mass Spectrometry and Infrared SpectroscopySign up

be able to interpret data from mass spectra to suggest possible structures of simple organic compounds using the m/z of the molecular ion and fragmentation patterns · be able to use infrared spectra, or data from infrared spectra, to deduce functional groups present in organic compounds, and predict infrared absorptions, given wavenumber data, due to familiar functional groups including: (i) C-H stretching absorptions in alkanes, alkenes and aldehydes; (ii) C=C stretching absorption in alkenes; (iii) O-H stretching absorptions in alcohols and carboxylic acids; (iv) C=O stretching absorptions in aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; (v) C-X stretching absorption in halogenoalkanes; (vi) N-H stretching absorption in amines · CORE PRACTICAL 8: Analysis of some inorganic and organic unknowns

NMR and ChromatographySign up

be able to use data from mass spectra to: (i) suggest possible structures of a simple organic compound given accurate relative molecular masses; (ii) calculate the accurate relative molecular mass of a compound, given accurate relative atomic masses to four decimal places · understand that carbon-13, (13C) NMR spectroscopy provides information about the positions of 13C atoms in a molecule · be able to use data from 13C NMR spectroscopy to: (i) predict the different environments for carbon atoms present in a molecule, given values of chemical shift, delta; (ii) justify the number of peaks present in a 13C NMR spectrum in terms of the number of carbon atoms in different environments · be able to use both low and high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy to: (i) predict the different types of proton present in a molecule, given values of chemical shift, delta; (ii) relate relative peak areas, or ratio number of protons, to the relative numbers of 1H atoms in different environments; (iii) deduce the splitting patterns of adjacent, non-equivalent protons using the (n+1) rule and hence suggest the possible structures for a molecule; (iv) predict the chemical shifts and splitting patterns of the 1H atoms in a given molecule · know that chromatography separates components of a mixture using a mobile phase and a stationary phase · be able to calculate Rf values from one-way chromatograms in paper and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and understand reasons for differences in Rf values · know that high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, and gas chromatography, GC, are types of column chromatography that separate substances because of different retention times in the column and may be used in conjunction with mass spectrometry, in applications such as forensics or drug testing in sport