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Topic 26Biology

C3.2 Defence against disease

Pathogens and primary defences (skin, mucus, acid, clotting), innate immunity (phagocytosis + inflammation), adaptive immunity (B cells, T cells, antibodies, clonal selection, memory), vaccination + herd immunity, HIV destroying helper T cells, and the evolution of antibiotic resistance.

Practice questions
1

Pathogens and primary defenceSign up

Pathogen types (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, prions) and transmission · Primary defences: skin, mucus + cilia, stomach acid + lysozyme, clotting

30 min
2

Innate and adaptive immunitySign up

Phagocytosis and inflammation (innate) · Clonal selection, B + T cells, antibodies, memory (adaptive)

30 min
3

Vaccination, HIV, and antibiotic resistanceSign up

Vaccination + memory + herd immunity · HIV destroys helper T cells; antibiotic resistance evolves under selection

30 min

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