Topic 09Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches

B.4 Graph Transformations

Five atomic transformations of y = f(x) — translations (vertical and horizontal), stretches (vertical and horizontal), reflections — and their composite y = a f(b(x − h)) + k. INSIDE-FIRST, OUTSIDE-SECOND ordering, anchor-point tracking, and the sign-flip / reciprocal traps that catch most students.

Practice questions

Graph transformations — the toolkitSign up

Atomic transformations — translate, stretch, reflect · Composite transformations — order matters

35 min