Carbonyl compounds

Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes and KetonesSign up

understand the nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones and be able to draw their structural, displayed and skeletal formulae · understand that aldehydes and ketones: (i) do not form intermolecular hydrogen bonds and this affects their physical properties; (ii) can form hydrogen bonds with water and this affects their solubility · understand the reactions of carbonyl compounds with: (i) Fehling's or Benedict's solution, Tollens' reagent and acidified dichromate(VI) ions (in equations, the oxidising agent can be represented as [O]); (ii) lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III) (lithium aluminium hydride) in dry ether (ethoxyethane) (in equations, the reducing agent can be represented by [H]); (iii) HCN, in the presence of KCN, as a nucleophilic addition reaction, using curly arrows, relevant lone pairs, dipoles and evidence of optical activity to show the mechanism; (iv) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH), as a qualitative test for the presence of a carbonyl group and to identify a carbonyl compound given data of the melting temperatures of derivatives (the equation for this reaction is not required); (v) iodine in the presence of alkali (the iodoform test)