Hydroxy compounds

Alcohols: Classification, Oxidation and ReactionsSign up

understand the nomenclature of alcohols and be able to draw their structural, displayed and skeletal formulae · understand the distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols · understand the reactions of alcohols with: (i) oxygen in air (combustion); (ii) halogenating agents: PCl5 to produce chloroalkanes (including its use as a qualitative test for the presence of the -OH group); 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium bromide to produce bromoalkanes; red phosphorus and iodine to produce iodoalkanes; (iii) concentrated phosphoric acid to form alkenes by elimination. Descriptions of the mechanisms of these reactions are not required. · understand that potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid can oxidise: (i) primary alcohols to produce aldehydes (which give a positive result with Benedict's or Fehling's solution) if the product is distilled as it forms; (ii) primary alcohols to produce carboxylic acids (which give a positive result with sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate) if the reagents are heated under reflux; (iii) secondary alcohols to produce ketones. In equations, the oxidising agent can be represented by [O]. · understand the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compound: (i) heating under reflux; (ii) extraction with a solvent using a separating funnel; (iii) distillation; (iv) drying with an anhydrous salt; (v) boiling temperature determination · CORE PRACTICAL 7: The oxidation of propan-1-ol to produce propanal and propanoic acid

Electrophilic Substitution in Arenes and the Chemistry of PhenolSign up

understand the mechanism of the electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene in halogenation, nitration and Friedel-Crafts reactions, including the generation of the electrophile · understand the reaction of phenol with bromine water and the reasons for the relative ease of this reaction compared to benzene